Maybe you’ve heard the phrase “quantum computing” before, maybe not. It’s a branch of computer research still in its infancy. And it’s a branch of computer research that is truly a world of bizarre
concepts and behaviors that runs counter to everything you have up to this point taken for granted about your world.
Here a very simplified version of the basic concept behind qubit behavior. As you may know, computers, at their most basic level deal with “binary units” or bits, that have one of two states, “on” or “off”, represented as a value of “1″ or “0″. Everything you do on your computer is ultimately manipulating these 1’s and 0’s to give you the desired action. A bit is like a light switch. The light is either on or it’s off. Well, buckle up folks. Quantum physics blows this fundamental computing concept out of the water.
In a quantum computer, instead of binary units (bits), there are what’s known as “quantum units” or qubits. Qubits can exist in an “on” state, in an “off” state or in both an “on” and “off” state simultaneously. This phenomena is called “superposition”. How can that be? I have no clue, but it is true. And it has huge implications for building computers orders of magnitude faster than today’s fastest supercomputers. Today’s best data encryption would become obsolete because computers that would take years to break codes with today’s binary unit architecture could break them in seconds using a qubit architecture. Computing on steroids to put it mildly.
Now are you ready for some even more bizarre qubit behavior? Researchers at the University of Michigan have demonstrated how two separate atoms can “communicate” even though they are physically separated from each other. The concept is called “entanglement”. In this case, the researchers trapped two atoms in separate enclosures one meter apart. They manipulated one and the other one reacted as a result. Now this is a gross oversimplification, but you get the idea. The important point here is that the “entanglement” occurred while the atoms where physically separated. In this case, they were one meter apart but they could have just as easily been a million miles apart. It’s kind of like those stories you hear about twins where something happens to one of them and the other one just has a “feeling” that something is not right with their sibling.
And I’ll leave you with what is to me the most bizarre aspect of entanglement and superposition. Imagine flipping two “entangled” coins, one in NYC and one in LA. The NYC coin comes up heads. And the LA coin comes up heads because the NYC coin came up heads. That’s entanglement. However, if you were to actually observe this experiment, you would force the coins to come up however they came up individually. (i.e. one could be heads, one could be tails). The very act of observing qubit behavior forces that behavior back to the more conventional “on/off” state. The superposition quality of the qubit breaks down.
If you want to know more, visit Wiki. But be prepared to enter the twilight zone.
Or if you need a break, just take my toilet paper survey above. Thanks.